[AZ-490] C5 set_takeoff_origin entrypoint + bounded-delta GPS gate

Add operator warm-start path to C5 StateEstimator Protocol and both
implementations (GtsamIsam2StateEstimator, EskfStateEstimator), plus
the third clause of the AZ-385 spoof-promotion gate.

- StateEstimator Protocol: set_takeoff_origin(origin, sigma_horiz_m,
  sigma_vert_m) -> None.
- iSAM2: PriorFactorPose3 at origin with diagonal sigmas, single
  isam2.update().
- ESKF: zero _nominal_pos, overwrite _P position block with sigma**2.
- SourceLabelStateMachine.process_gps_sample bounded-delta clause:
  WgsConverter.horizontal_distance_m vs smoother estimate; reject
  resets the dwell-time counter so AZ-385 cannot re-promote off bad
  GPS.
- New EstimatorAlreadyStartedError (StateEstimatorConfigError
  subclass) on late call after first add_*.
- C5StateConfig: spoof_promotion_bounded_delta_m=200,
  default_takeoff_origin_sigma_horiz_m=5,
  default_takeoff_origin_sigma_vert_m=10.
- New GpsSample DTO + WgsConverter.horizontal_distance_m helper.
- 4 new FDR kinds (cold_start_origin.{set,unavailable},
  gps_bounded_delta.{accept,reject}) registered in AZ-272 schema.
- 33 new unit tests cover AC-1..AC-15; full repo 750 passed / 2
  skipped (pre-existing CI tooling skips).

Docs synced: protocol contract, C5 component description,
architecture, glossary, system-flows, C10 provisioning description.

Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>

tests/unit/c5_state/test_az381_state_protocol.py

@@ -93,6 +93,14 @@ def _build_config(**state_overrides: Any) -> Config:
 class _FakeEstimator:
     """Test fake satisfying every StateEstimator method (AC-1)."""
 
+    def set_takeoff_origin(
+        self,
+        origin: LatLonAlt,
+        sigma_horiz_m: float,
+        sigma_vert_m: float,
+    ) -> None:
+        pass
+
     def add_vio(self, vio: VioOutput) -> None:
         pass
 
@@ -133,7 +141,7 @@ def test_ac1_missing_method_fails_isinstance() -> None:
         def add_vio(self, vio: VioOutput) -> None:
             pass
 
-    # Assert — missing 5 methods → not a StateEstimator
+    # Assert — missing 6 methods → not a StateEstimator
     assert not isinstance(_Incomplete(), StateEstimator)
 
 

tests/unit/c5_state/test_az385_source_label_spoof_gate.py

@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ def _make_sm(
     *,
     min_stable_s: float = 10.0,
     tol_m: float = 30.0,
+    bounded_delta_m: float = 200.0,
     clock: _Clock | None = None,
     fdr_client: mock.MagicMock | None = None,
 ) -> tuple[SourceLabelStateMachine, _Clock, mock.MagicMock]:
@@ -80,6 +81,7 @@ def _make_sm(
     sm = SourceLabelStateMachine(
         spoof_promotion_min_stable_s=min_stable_s,
         spoof_promotion_visual_consistency_tol_m=tol_m,
+        spoof_promotion_bounded_delta_m=bounded_delta_m,
         fdr_client=fdr,
         producer_id="c5_state",
         clock_ns=clock,

tests/unit/c5_state/test_az490_set_takeoff_origin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,647 @@
+"""AZ-490 — ``set_takeoff_origin`` + bounded-delta GPS gate.
+
+Covers AC-1..AC-15 from
+``_docs/02_tasks/todo/AZ-490_c5_set_takeoff_origin.md``.
+
+The tests construct estimators directly (the iSAM2 estimator
+exercises the real GTSAM ``PriorFactorPose3`` insertion; the ESKF
+estimator exercises the real NumPy covariance write). The
+``SourceLabelStateMachine`` is exercised in isolation for the
+bounded-delta clauses (AC-9..AC-11, AC-15) to keep the iSAM2
+machinery out of the gate-only tests.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+import math
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from typing import Any
+from unittest import mock
+from uuid import UUID
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from gps_denied_onboard._types.fc import GpsSample
+from gps_denied_onboard._types.geo import LatLonAlt
+from gps_denied_onboard._types.pose import (
+    CovarianceMode,
+    PoseEstimate,
+    Quat,
+)
+from gps_denied_onboard._types.state import PoseSourceLabel
+from gps_denied_onboard._types.vio import VioOutput
+from gps_denied_onboard.components.c5_state import (
+    C5StateConfig,
+    EstimatorAlreadyStartedError,
+    StateEstimator,
+    StateEstimatorConfigError,
+)
+from gps_denied_onboard.components.c5_state._source_label_sm import (
+    BOUNDED_DELTA_REJECT,
+    BOUNDED_DELTA_SOFT,
+    SourceLabelStateMachine,
+)
+from gps_denied_onboard.components.c5_state.eskf_baseline import EskfStateEstimator
+from gps_denied_onboard.components.c5_state.gtsam_isam2_estimator import (
+    GtsamIsam2StateEstimator,
+    create as create_isam2,
+)
+from gps_denied_onboard.fdr_client.records import FdrRecord, parse, serialise
+from gps_denied_onboard.helpers.wgs_converter import WgsConverter
+from gps_denied_onboard.runtime_root.state_factory import clear_state_registry
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fixtures + builders.
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def _registry_isolation() -> Any:
+    clear_state_registry()
+    yield
+    clear_state_registry()
+
+
+def _build_isam2(**overrides: Any) -> GtsamIsam2StateEstimator:
+    block = C5StateConfig(strategy="gtsam_isam2", keyframe_window_size=15, **overrides)
+    cfg = mock.MagicMock()
+    cfg.components = {"c5_state": block}
+    estimator, _ = create_isam2(
+        config=cfg,
+        imu_preintegrator=mock.MagicMock(),
+        se3_utils=mock.MagicMock(),
+        wgs_converter=mock.MagicMock(),
+        fdr_client=mock.MagicMock(),
+    )
+    return estimator
+
+
+def _build_eskf(**overrides: Any) -> EskfStateEstimator:
+    block = C5StateConfig(strategy="eskf", keyframe_window_size=15, **overrides)
+    cfg = mock.MagicMock()
+    cfg.components = {"c5_state": block}
+    return EskfStateEstimator(
+        cfg,
+        imu_preintegrator=mock.MagicMock(),
+        se3_utils=mock.MagicMock(),
+        wgs_converter=mock.MagicMock(),
+        fdr_client=mock.MagicMock(),
+    )
+
+
+def _origin() -> LatLonAlt:
+    return LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0, lon_deg=36.2, alt_m=200.0)
+
+
+def _vio(*, frame_id: int, t_seconds: float) -> VioOutput:
+    return VioOutput(
+        frame_id=frame_id,
+        timestamp=datetime.fromtimestamp(t_seconds, tz=timezone.utc),
+        pose_se3=np.eye(4),
+        covariance_6x6=np.eye(6) * 0.01,
+    )
+
+
+def _pose_anchor(*, frame_id: int, t_seconds: float) -> PoseEstimate:
+    return PoseEstimate(
+        frame_id=UUID(int=frame_id),
+        position_wgs84=_origin(),
+        orientation_world_T_body=Quat(w=1.0, x=0.0, y=0.0, z=0.0),
+        covariance_6x6=np.eye(6) * 0.01,
+        covariance_mode=CovarianceMode.MARGINALS,
+        source_label=PoseSourceLabel.SATELLITE_ANCHORED,
+        last_satellite_anchor_age_ms=0,
+        emitted_at=int(t_seconds * 1_000_000_000),
+    )
+
+
+def _cold_start_records(estimator: GtsamIsam2StateEstimator | EskfStateEstimator) -> list[FdrRecord]:
+    enqueued = estimator._fdr_client.enqueue.call_args_list  # type: ignore[union-attr]
+    out = []
+    for call in enqueued:
+        args, _ = call
+        if not args:
+            continue
+        record = args[0]
+        if isinstance(record, FdrRecord) and record.kind == "c5.cold_start_origin.set":
+            out.append(record)
+    return out
+
+
+def _bounded_delta_records(
+    fdr: mock.MagicMock, *, kind: str
+) -> list[FdrRecord]:
+    out = []
+    for call in fdr.enqueue.call_args_list:
+        args, _ = call
+        if args and isinstance(args[0], FdrRecord) and args[0].kind == kind:
+            out.append(args[0])
+    return out
+
+
+class _Clock:
+    """Mutable monotonic clock used by SourceLabelStateMachine in tests."""
+
+    def __init__(self, t0: int = 0) -> None:
+        self.t = t0
+
+    def __call__(self) -> int:
+        return self.t
+
+
+def _make_sm(
+    *,
+    bounded_delta_m: float = 200.0,
+    fdr_client: mock.MagicMock | None = None,
+    clock: _Clock | None = None,
+) -> tuple[SourceLabelStateMachine, mock.MagicMock]:
+    fdr = fdr_client if fdr_client is not None else mock.MagicMock()
+    sm = SourceLabelStateMachine(
+        spoof_promotion_min_stable_s=10.0,
+        spoof_promotion_visual_consistency_tol_m=30.0,
+        spoof_promotion_bounded_delta_m=bounded_delta_m,
+        fdr_client=fdr,
+        producer_id="c5_state",
+        clock_ns=clock if clock is not None else _Clock(0),
+    )
+    return sm, fdr
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-1: Protocol conformance — both impls expose set_takeoff_origin.
+
+
+def test_ac1_isam2_is_state_estimator() -> None:
+    estimator = _build_isam2()
+    assert isinstance(estimator, StateEstimator)
+    assert callable(estimator.set_takeoff_origin)
+
+
+def test_ac1_eskf_is_state_estimator() -> None:
+    estimator = _build_eskf()
+    assert isinstance(estimator, StateEstimator)
+    assert callable(estimator.set_takeoff_origin)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-2: iSAM2 happy path — origin seeds the smoother prior.
+
+
+def test_ac2_isam2_set_takeoff_origin_seeds_prior_and_emits_fdr() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = _build_isam2()
+
+    # Act
+    estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+    # Assert — exactly one PriorFactorPose3 was committed
+    import gtsam
+
+    factors = estimator._isam2.getFactorsUnsafe()
+    prior_factors = [
+        factors.at(i)
+        for i in range(factors.size())
+        if isinstance(factors.at(i), gtsam.PriorFactorPose3)
+    ]
+    assert len(prior_factors) == 1
+    # Pose is at Identity (origin == ENU(0,0,0))
+    pose = prior_factors[0].prior()
+    assert np.allclose(np.asarray(pose.translation()), np.zeros(3), atol=1e-9)
+
+    # Assert — exactly one cold-start FDR record with source="manifest"
+    records = _cold_start_records(estimator)
+    assert len(records) == 1
+    assert records[0].payload["source"] == "manifest"
+    assert records[0].payload["lat_deg"] == _origin().lat_deg
+    assert records[0].payload["sigma_horiz_m"] == 5.0
+    assert records[0].payload["sigma_vert_m"] == 10.0
+
+    # Assert — ENU origin tracks the operator origin
+    assert estimator._enu_origin == _origin()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-3: ESKF happy path — nominal state + P block seeded.
+
+
+def test_ac3_eskf_set_takeoff_origin_seeds_state_and_p() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = _build_eskf()
+
+    # Act
+    estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+    # Assert — nominal position is zero (origin IS the ENU(0,0,0) anchor)
+    assert np.allclose(estimator._nominal_pos, np.zeros(3), atol=1e-12)
+    # Assert — position block of P matches diag(25, 25, 100)
+    expected = np.diag([25.0, 25.0, 100.0])
+    assert np.allclose(estimator._P[0:3, 0:3], expected, atol=1e-12)
+    # Assert — ENU origin tracks the operator origin
+    assert estimator._enu_origin == _origin()
+    # Assert — exactly one FDR record
+    records = _cold_start_records(estimator)
+    assert len(records) == 1
+    assert records[0].payload["source"] == "manifest"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-4: Idempotent — calling twice with identical args is a no-op.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac4_idempotent_double_call_is_noop(builder: Any) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = builder()
+    estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+    fdr_calls_before = len(estimator._fdr_client.enqueue.call_args_list)
+
+    # Act — second identical call
+    estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+    # Assert — no extra FDR record, no exception
+    fdr_calls_after = len(estimator._fdr_client.enqueue.call_args_list)
+    assert fdr_calls_after == fdr_calls_before
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-5: Conflict — calling twice with different args raises.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac5_conflict_double_call_raises(builder: Any) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = builder()
+    estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+    # Act + Assert — different origin
+    different = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=51.0, lon_deg=36.2, alt_m=200.0)
+    with pytest.raises(StateEstimatorConfigError) as excinfo:
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(different, sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+    msg = str(excinfo.value)
+    # Both old and new origins named in the message
+    assert "previous=" in msg and "new=" in msg
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-6: Late call — set_takeoff_origin after first add_vio raises.
+
+
+def test_ac6_isam2_late_call_raises_already_started() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = _build_isam2()
+    estimator._isam2_handle = mock.MagicMock()  # stub the handle for add_vio
+
+    # Act — first add_vio closes the cold-start window
+    estimator.add_vio(_vio(frame_id=1, t_seconds=1.0))
+
+    # Assert
+    with pytest.raises(EstimatorAlreadyStartedError):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+
+def test_ac6_eskf_late_call_raises_already_started() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = _build_eskf()
+    estimator.add_vio(_vio(frame_id=1, t_seconds=1.0))
+
+    # Assert
+    with pytest.raises(EstimatorAlreadyStartedError):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-7: Out-of-bounds latitude raises StateEstimatorConfigError.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac7_invalid_latlonalt_raises(builder: Any) -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    estimator = builder()
+    bad_origin = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=95.0, lon_deg=36.0, alt_m=200.0)
+
+    # Act + Assert
+    with pytest.raises(StateEstimatorConfigError, match=r"latitude 95\.0 outside"):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(bad_origin, sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac7_invalid_longitude_raises(builder: Any) -> None:
+    estimator = builder()
+    bad = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0, lon_deg=200.0, alt_m=200.0)
+    with pytest.raises(StateEstimatorConfigError, match=r"longitude 200\.0 outside"):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(bad, sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac7_non_finite_lat_raises(builder: Any) -> None:
+    estimator = builder()
+    bad = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=float("nan"), lon_deg=36.0, alt_m=200.0)
+    with pytest.raises(StateEstimatorConfigError, match="non-finite"):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(bad, sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-8: Negative sigma raises.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac8_negative_horiz_sigma_raises(builder: Any) -> None:
+    estimator = builder()
+    with pytest.raises(StateEstimatorConfigError, match="sigma_horiz_m must be positive"):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=-5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("builder", [_build_isam2, _build_eskf])
+def test_ac8_zero_vert_sigma_raises(builder: Any) -> None:
+    estimator = builder()
+    with pytest.raises(StateEstimatorConfigError, match="sigma_vert_m must be positive"):
+        estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=0.0)
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-9: Bounded-delta accept — sample within ring is admitted.
+
+
+def test_ac9_bounded_delta_accept_emits_soft_label() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    sm, fdr = _make_sm(bounded_delta_m=200.0)
+    smoother_estimate = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0, lon_deg=36.2, alt_m=200.0)
+    sample = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0008, lon_deg=36.2008, alt_m=200.0)
+
+    # Sanity — distance is well under the ring (≈ 100 m at 50° N).
+    distance = WgsConverter.horizontal_distance_m(smoother_estimate, sample)
+    assert distance < 200.0
+
+    # Act
+    result = sm.process_gps_sample(sample, smoother_estimate=smoother_estimate)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == BOUNDED_DELTA_SOFT
+    accepts = _bounded_delta_records(fdr, kind="c5.gps_bounded_delta.accept")
+    assert len(accepts) == 1
+    assert accepts[0].payload["distance_m"] == pytest.approx(distance, rel=1e-9)
+    assert accepts[0].payload["threshold_m"] == 200.0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-10: Bounded-delta reject — sample outside ring is dropped.
+
+
+def test_ac10_bounded_delta_reject_emits_record_and_resets_dwell() -> None:
+    # Arrange
+    sm, fdr = _make_sm(bounded_delta_m=200.0)
+    smoother_estimate = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0, lon_deg=36.2, alt_m=200.0)
+    sample = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.005, lon_deg=36.205, alt_m=200.0)
+    distance = WgsConverter.horizontal_distance_m(smoother_estimate, sample)
+    assert distance > 200.0
+
+    # Seed a STABLE_NON_SPOOFED dwell so we can observe its reset
+    from gps_denied_onboard._types.fc import GpsHealth, GpsStatus
+
+    sm.notify_gps_health(
+        GpsHealth(status=GpsStatus.STABLE_NON_SPOOFED, fix_age_ms=10, captured_at=0)
+    )
+    assert sm._gps_health_stable_since_ns is not None  # arrange precondition
+
+    # Act
+    result = sm.process_gps_sample(sample, smoother_estimate=smoother_estimate)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == BOUNDED_DELTA_REJECT
+    rejects = _bounded_delta_records(fdr, kind="c5.gps_bounded_delta.reject")
+    assert len(rejects) == 1
+    rec = rejects[0].payload
+    assert rec["sample_lat"] == sample.lat_deg
+    assert rec["smoother_lat"] == smoother_estimate.lat_deg
+    assert rec["distance_m"] == pytest.approx(distance, rel=1e-9)
+    # Dwell-time clause was reset by the reject
+    assert sm._gps_health_stable_since_ns is None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-11: Threshold is config-driven — relaxing it admits AC-10's sample.
+
+
+def test_ac11_threshold_relaxed_admits_previously_rejected_sample() -> None:
+    sm, _fdr = _make_sm(bounded_delta_m=1000.0)
+    smoother_estimate = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0, lon_deg=36.2, alt_m=200.0)
+    sample = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.005, lon_deg=36.205, alt_m=200.0)
+
+    result = sm.process_gps_sample(sample, smoother_estimate=smoother_estimate)
+    assert result == BOUNDED_DELTA_SOFT
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-12: FDR record kinds round-trip through the schema.
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("kind", "payload"),
+    [
+        (
+            "c5.cold_start_origin.set",
+            {
+                "source": "manifest",
+                "lat_deg": 50.0,
+                "lon_deg": 36.2,
+                "alt_m": 200.0,
+                "sigma_horiz_m": 5.0,
+                "sigma_vert_m": 10.0,
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            "c5.cold_start_origin.unavailable",
+            {"reason": "no_manifest_origin_no_fc_ekf"},
+        ),
+        (
+            "c5.gps_bounded_delta.accept",
+            {
+                "sample_lat": 50.0,
+                "sample_lon": 36.2,
+                "smoother_lat": 50.0001,
+                "smoother_lon": 36.2,
+                "distance_m": 11.1,
+                "threshold_m": 200.0,
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            "c5.gps_bounded_delta.reject",
+            {
+                "sample_lat": 50.0,
+                "sample_lon": 36.2,
+                "smoother_lat": 50.005,
+                "smoother_lon": 36.205,
+                "distance_m": 700.0,
+                "threshold_m": 200.0,
+            },
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_ac12_fdr_kinds_round_trip(kind: str, payload: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    record = FdrRecord(
+        schema_version=1,
+        ts=datetime.now(tz=timezone.utc).isoformat(),
+        producer_id="c5_state",
+        kind=kind,
+        payload=payload,
+    )
+
+    encoded = serialise(record)
+    decoded = parse(encoded)
+
+    assert decoded.kind == kind
+    assert decoded.payload == payload
+    # No unknown-key bucket for the AZ-490 shape (every key is registered)
+    assert "extra" not in decoded.payload
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-13: No origin → FC-EKF cold-start path emits one fc_ekf record.
+
+
+def test_ac13_isam2_no_origin_emits_fc_ekf_record_on_first_add() -> None:
+    estimator = _build_isam2()
+    estimator._isam2_handle = mock.MagicMock()
+
+    estimator.add_vio(_vio(frame_id=1, t_seconds=1.0))
+    estimator.add_vio(_vio(frame_id=2, t_seconds=2.0))
+
+    records = _cold_start_records(estimator)
+    assert len(records) == 1
+    assert records[0].payload["source"] == "fc_ekf"
+
+
+def test_ac13_eskf_no_origin_emits_fc_ekf_record_on_first_add() -> None:
+    estimator = _build_eskf()
+
+    estimator.add_vio(_vio(frame_id=1, t_seconds=1.0))
+    estimator.add_vio(_vio(frame_id=2, t_seconds=2.0))
+
+    records = _cold_start_records(estimator)
+    assert len(records) == 1
+    assert records[0].payload["source"] == "fc_ekf"
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-14: AZ-385's first two clauses are unchanged — bounded-delta is additive.
+#
+# We re-run the spoof-gate engagement / gate-lift path WITHOUT touching
+# the bounded-delta method and assert the canonical gate behaviour
+# still holds. The full AZ-385 acceptance suite re-runs in
+# test_az385_source_label_spoof_gate.py — this test is the smoke
+# check that the new clause did not perturb the existing wiring.
+
+
+def test_ac14_existing_spoof_gate_unchanged_by_new_clause() -> None:
+    from gps_denied_onboard._types.fc import GpsHealth, GpsStatus
+
+    clock = _Clock(0)
+    sm, _ = _make_sm(bounded_delta_m=200.0, clock=clock)
+
+    # Initial — DEAD_RECKONED until first anchor
+    assert sm.current_label() == PoseSourceLabel.DEAD_RECKONED
+
+    # Anchor without a spoof event → SATELLITE_ANCHORED
+    sm.notify_gps_health(
+        GpsHealth(status=GpsStatus.STABLE_NON_SPOOFED, fix_age_ms=10, captured_at=0)
+    )
+    clock.t = 1_000_000_000  # 1 s in
+    sm.notify_satellite_anchor(now_ns=clock.t, gps_consistency_delta_m=1.0)
+    assert sm.current_label() == PoseSourceLabel.SATELLITE_ANCHORED
+
+    # Spoof event → gate latches closed → VISUAL_PROPAGATED
+    sm.notify_gps_health(
+        GpsHealth(status=GpsStatus.SPOOFED, fix_age_ms=10, captured_at=0)
+    )
+    assert sm.is_spoof_promotion_blocked() is True
+    assert sm.current_label() == PoseSourceLabel.VISUAL_PROPAGATED
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# AC-15: Distance is computed via WgsConverter (geodetic), not haversine
+#         on the equirectangular projection.
+
+
+def test_ac15_geodetic_distance_at_60n_within_half_meter() -> None:
+    """AC-15 — distance computed via WgsConverter agrees with the WGS-84
+    geodesic (pyproj.Geod inverse) within 0.5 m at 60° N for a ~200 m
+    east-west offset.
+
+    The ground truth is the WGS-84 ellipsoid Vincenty distance from
+    pyproj's Geod, NOT a haversine-on-equirectangular shortcut — the
+    AC explicitly excludes the latter shortcut.
+    """
+    from pyproj import Geod
+
+    origin = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=60.0, lon_deg=10.0, alt_m=0.0)
+    # Construct a sample that is approximately 200 m due east using the
+    # spherical estimate; the test only requires agreement with the
+    # ellipsoid Vincenty distance, NOT 200 m exactly.
+    earth_radius_m = 6_378_137.0
+    metres_per_degree_lon = (
+        math.pi * earth_radius_m * math.cos(math.radians(60.0)) / 180.0
+    )
+    sample = LatLonAlt(
+        lat_deg=60.0,
+        lon_deg=10.0 + 200.0 / metres_per_degree_lon,
+        alt_m=0.0,
+    )
+
+    geod = Geod(ellps="WGS84")
+    _az_fwd, _az_back, ground_truth_m = geod.inv(
+        origin.lon_deg, origin.lat_deg, sample.lon_deg, sample.lat_deg
+    )
+
+    distance = WgsConverter.horizontal_distance_m(origin, sample)
+
+    assert abs(distance - ground_truth_m) < 0.5
+    # Symmetry — Principle of geodesic invariance.
+    distance_reverse = WgsConverter.horizontal_distance_m(sample, origin)
+    assert abs(distance - distance_reverse) < 1e-6
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Bounded-delta gate ignores no-smoother case.
+
+
+def test_bounded_delta_no_smoother_returns_none() -> None:
+    sm, fdr = _make_sm(bounded_delta_m=200.0)
+    sample = LatLonAlt(lat_deg=50.0, lon_deg=36.0, alt_m=200.0)
+
+    result = sm.process_gps_sample(sample, smoother_estimate=None)
+
+    assert result is None
+    # No FDR record either way
+    assert fdr.enqueue.call_count == 0
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Estimator.notify_gps_sample — happy-path delegation.
+
+
+def test_eskf_notify_gps_sample_delegates_to_state_machine() -> None:
+    # Arrange — seed an operator origin so the smoother latlon is real
+    estimator = _build_eskf()
+    estimator.set_takeoff_origin(_origin(), sigma_horiz_m=5.0, sigma_vert_m=10.0)
+
+    # Sample within the 200 m ring of the origin
+    sample = GpsSample(
+        position_wgs84=LatLonAlt(
+            lat_deg=_origin().lat_deg + 0.0008,
+            lon_deg=_origin().lon_deg + 0.0008,
+            alt_m=200.0,
+        ),
+        captured_at=1_000_000_000,
+    )
+
+    # Act
+    result = estimator.notify_gps_sample(sample)
+
+    # Assert
+    assert result == BOUNDED_DELTA_SOFT
+    accepts = _bounded_delta_records(
+        estimator._fdr_client, kind="c5.gps_bounded_delta.accept"
+    )
+    assert len(accepts) == 1

tests/unit/test_az272_fdr_record_schema.py

@@ -93,6 +93,36 @@ def _kind_payload(kind: str) -> dict[str, object]:
             "rollover_count": 0,
             "clean_shutdown": True,
         }
+    # AZ-490 / E-C5: operator-origin cold-start ladder + bounded-delta GPS gate.
+    if kind == "c5.cold_start_origin.set":
+        return {
+            "source": "manifest",
+            "lat_deg": 50.0,
+            "lon_deg": 36.2,
+            "alt_m": 200.0,
+            "sigma_horiz_m": 5.0,
+            "sigma_vert_m": 10.0,
+        }
+    if kind == "c5.cold_start_origin.unavailable":
+        return {"reason": "no_manifest_origin_no_fc_ekf"}
+    if kind == "c5.gps_bounded_delta.accept":
+        return {
+            "sample_lat": 50.0,
+            "sample_lon": 36.2,
+            "smoother_lat": 50.0001,
+            "smoother_lon": 36.2,
+            "distance_m": 11.1,
+            "threshold_m": 200.0,
+        }
+    if kind == "c5.gps_bounded_delta.reject":
+        return {
+            "sample_lat": 50.0,
+            "sample_lon": 36.2,
+            "smoother_lat": 50.005,
+            "smoother_lon": 36.205,
+            "distance_m": 700.0,
+            "threshold_m": 200.0,
+        }
     raise AssertionError(f"unhandled kind in fixture: {kind!r}")