diff --git a/src/gps_denied/testing/coord.py b/src/gps_denied/testing/coord.py
index e1d4306..2f2ae57 100644
--- a/src/gps_denied/testing/coord.py
+++ b/src/gps_denied/testing/coord.py
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import math
 
-
 # WGS84 constants
 _A = 6_378_137.0                 # semi-major axis, metres
 _F = 1.0 / 298.257223563         # flattening
diff --git a/src/gps_denied/testing/datasets/vpair.py b/src/gps_denied/testing/datasets/vpair.py
index 2c0a73b..9d0be69 100644
--- a/src/gps_denied/testing/datasets/vpair.py
+++ b/src/gps_denied/testing/datasets/vpair.py
@@ -31,7 +31,6 @@ from gps_denied.testing.datasets.base import (
     PlatformClass,
 )
 
-
 # Synthesised frame period. VPAIR paper quotes ~1 Hz query rate; we use 5 Hz
 # (200 ms) to align with the product's nominal frame-processing budget from
 # the e2e design doc. Callers that need tighter pacing can subclass.
diff --git a/tests/e2e/test_coord.py b/tests/e2e/test_coord.py
index 8ae0eee..fc510b4 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/test_coord.py
+++ b/tests/e2e/test_coord.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import pytest
 
 from gps_denied.testing.coord import ecef_to_wgs84, euler_to_quaternion
 
-
 # --- ECEF → WGS84 ---
 
 def test_ecef_origin_is_on_equator_prime_meridian():
diff --git a/tests/e2e/test_vpair_adapter.py b/tests/e2e/test_vpair_adapter.py
index f8fdc29..a8e2e93 100644
--- a/tests/e2e/test_vpair_adapter.py
+++ b/tests/e2e/test_vpair_adapter.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from gps_denied.testing.datasets.base import (
 )
 from gps_denied.testing.datasets.vpair import VPAIRAdapter
 
-
 # ECEF for a point at roughly lat=50.737°, lon=7.095°, alt=350m (Bonn/Eifel region).
 # Chosen to hit the real VPAIR geographic area so the adapter's conversion
 # produces plausible numbers the tests can assert on.