feat(01-02): scaffold components/ package skeleton (ARCH-01)

- Create src/gps_denied/components/ with 8 component subpackages
- vio, satellite_matcher, gpr, mavlink_io (Phase 1 migration targets)
- anchor_verifier, safety_state, flight_recorder (Phase 3/4 stubs)
- coordinate_transforms (Protocol-only, impl stays in core/)
- All __init__.py files empty; Plans 03-07 will populate adapters

src/gps_denied/components/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+"""Hexagonal component packages (Phase 1, ARCH-01).
+
+Each subpackage hosts the Protocol surface for a swappable component.
+Concrete adapters land here in Plans 03-07; Phase 1 only defines the
+Protocols (Plan 01-02) so later migrations only update import paths.
+"""